9.4. Idiom Any

  • any(iterable, /)

  • Return True if bool(x) is True for any x in the iterable

  • If the iterable is empty, return False

9.4.1. Problem

>>> data = [True, False, True]
>>>
>>> result = False
>>> for x in data:
...     if x is True:
...         result = True
>>>
>>> result
True

9.4.2. Solution

>>> data = [True, False, True]
>>> result = any(data)
>>>
>>> result
True

9.4.3. Implementation

>>> def any(iterable):
...     for element in iterable:
...         if element:
...             return True
...     return False

9.4.4. Case Study 1

>>> USERS = [
...     ('Alice', 'Apricot', 30),
...     ('Bob', 'Blackthorn', 31),
...     ('Carol', 'Corn', 32),
...     ('Dave', 'Durian', 33),
...     ('Eve', 'Elderberry', 34),
...     ('Mallory', 'Melon', 15),
... ]

Check if any user is younger than 18 years old:

>>> result = None
>>>
>>> for firstname,lastname,age in USERS:
...     if age < 18:
...         result = True
...         break
... else:
...     result = False

Check if any user is younger than 18 years old:

>>> result = any(age<18 for firstname,lastname,age in USERS)

9.4.5. Use Case - 1

>>> USERS = [
...     {'username': 'alice', 'is_user': True, 'is_staff': True, 'is_admin': False},
...     {'username': 'bob', 'is_user': True, 'is_staff': True, 'is_admin': False},
...     {'username': 'carol', 'is_user': True, 'is_staff': False, 'is_admin': False},
...     {'username': 'dave', 'is_user': True, 'is_staff': False, 'is_admin': False},
...     {'username': 'eve', 'is_user': True, 'is_staff': True, 'is_admin': True},
...     {'username': 'mallory', 'is_user': False, 'is_staff': False, 'is_admin': False},
... ]
>>>
>>>
>>> if any(user['is_admin'] for user in USERS):
...     print('At least one person is an administrator')
... else:
...     print('There are no administrators')
...
At least one person is an administrator

9.4.6. Assignments

# %% About
# - Name: Idiom Any Sequence
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result: bool` with the result of checking
#    if any values in `DATA` is True
# 2. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result: bool` z wynikiem sprawdzenia
#    czy jakakolwiek wartość w `DATA` jest prawdziwa (True)
# 2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `result`'

>>> assert type(result) is bool, \
'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be bool'

>>> result
True
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -f -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
result: bool

# %% Data
DATA = [True, False, True]

# %% Result
result = ...


# %% About
# - Name: Idiom Any ListList
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result: bool` with the result of checking
#    if any values in `DATA` is True
# 2. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result: bool` z wynikiem sprawdzenia
#    czy jakakolwiek wartość w `DATA` jest prawdziwa (True)
# 2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `result`'

>>> assert type(result) is bool, \
'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be bool'

>>> result
True
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -f -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
result: bool

# %% Data
DATA = [[False, False, False],
        [False, False, False],
        [False, False, True],
        [False, False, False]]

# %% Result
result = ...


# %% About
# - Name: Idiom Any ListTuple
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result: bool` with the result of checking
#    if there is any user in `DATA` who is underage
#    (age below 18)
# 2. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result: bool` z wynikiem sprawdzenia
#    czy wśród użytkowników z `DATA` jest osoba niepełnoletnia
#    (wiek poniżej 18 lat)
# 2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `result`'

>>> assert type(result) is bool, \
'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be bool'

>>> result
True
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -f -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
result: bool

# %% Data
DATA = [
    ('firstname', 'lastname', 'age'),
    ('Alice', 'Apricot', 30),
    ('Bob', 'Blackthorn', 31),
    ('Carol', 'Corn', 32),
    ('Dave', 'Durian', 33),
    ('Eve', 'Elderberry', 34),
    ('Mallory', 'Melon', 15),
]

# %% Result
result = ...


# %% About
# - Name: Idiom Any ListDict
# - Difficulty: easy
# - Lines: 1
# - Minutes: 2

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Define `result: bool` with the result of checking
#    if there is any user in `DATA` who is underage
#    (age below 18)
# 2. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zdefiniuj `result: bool` z wynikiem sprawdzenia
#    czy wśród użytkowników z `DATA` jest osoba niepełnoletnia
#    (wiek poniżej 18 lat)
# 2. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> assert result is not Ellipsis, \
'Assign result to variable: `result`'

>>> assert type(result) is bool, \
'Variable `result` has invalid type, should be bool'

>>> result
True
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -f -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
result: bool

# %% Data
DATA = [
    {'firstname': 'Alice', 'lastname': 'Apricot', 'age': 30},
    {'firstname': 'Bob', 'lastname': 'Blackthorn', 'age': 31},
    {'firstname': 'Carol', 'lastname': 'Corn', 'age': 32},
    {'firstname': 'Dave', 'lastname': 'Durian', 'age': 33},
    {'firstname': 'Eve', 'lastname': 'Elderberry', 'age': 34},
    {'firstname': 'Mallory', 'lastname': 'Melon', 'age': 15},
]

# %% Result
result = ...


# %% About
# - Name: Idiom Any Implementation
# - Difficulty: medium
# - Lines: 4
# - Minutes: 3

# %% License
# - Copyright 2025, Matt Harasymczuk <matt@python3.info>
# - This code can be used only for learning by humans
# - This code cannot be used for teaching others
# - This code cannot be used for teaching LLMs and AI algorithms
# - This code cannot be used in commercial or proprietary products
# - This code cannot be distributed in any form
# - This code cannot be changed in any form outside of training course
# - This code cannot have its license changed
# - If you use this code in your product, you must open-source it under GPLv2
# - Exception can be granted only by the author

# %% English
# 1. Write own implementation of a built-in `any()` function
# 2. Define function `myany` with
#    parameter `iterable: list[bool]`
#    return `bool`
# 3. Don't validate arguments and assume, that user will
#    always pass valid type of arguments
# 4. Do not use built-in function `any()`
# 5. Run doctests - all must succeed

# %% Polish
# 1. Zaimplementuj własne rozwiązanie wbudowanej funkcji `any()`
# 2. Zdefiniuj funkcję `myany` z parametrami:
#    parametr `iterable: list[bool]`
#    return `bool`
# 3. Nie waliduj argumentów i przyjmij, że użytkownik:
#    zawsze poda argumenty poprawnych typów
# 4. Nie używaj wbudowanej funkcji `any()`
# 5. Uruchom doctesty - wszystkie muszą się powieść

# %% Example
# myany([]) == False
# myany([True]) == True
# myany([False]) == False
# myany([True, False, True]) == True
# myany([True, True, True]) == True
# myany([False, False, False]) == False

# %% Doctests
"""
>>> import sys; sys.tracebacklimit = 0
>>> assert sys.version_info >= (3, 9), \
'Python 3.9+ required'

>>> from inspect import isfunction
>>> assert isfunction(myany)

>>> myany()
Traceback (most recent call last):
TypeError: myany() missing 1 required positional argument: 'iterable'

>>> myany([])
False

>>> myany([True])
True

>>> myany([False])
False

>>> myany([True, False, True])
True

>>> myany([True, True, True])
True

>>> myany([False, False, False])
False
"""

# %% Run
# - PyCharm: right-click in the editor and `Run Doctest in ...`
# - PyCharm: keyboard shortcut `Control + Shift + F10`
# - Terminal: `python -m doctest -f -v myfile.py`

# %% Imports

# %% Types
from typing import Callable
myany: Callable[[list[bool]], bool]

# %% Data

# %% Result
def myany(iterable):
    ...